IADMS Australie 2007   [retour sommaire Catégorie]
IADMS 2007 - Abstract #41 - The effects of perfectionism and physical self-concept on pre-performanc   [lire la version anglaise]
  IADMS 2007 - .

The effects of perfectionism and physical self-concept on pre-performance anxiety in elite female ballet dancers, gymnasts, and basketball players

Kronvall Parkinson, Mette MPsych (Sport & Exercise), BSc-Joint Hons (Sport Psychology HMS), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Hanrahan, Stephanie J. PhD, Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), Canberra, ACT, Australia; Stanimirovic, Rosanna MPsych (Sport & Exercise), The Australian Ballet School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and Sharp, Lucinda MPsych(Clinical), BSc(Hons), The Australian Ballet School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    

     Performance anxiety is a group of disorders that affect individuals in a range of endeavours, including sport (Davis & Sime, 2005; Hall, Kerr, & Matthews, 1998; Hanton, Mellalieu, & Hall, 2002) and the performing arts in dance (Tamborrino, 2001). Perfectionism has been found to be a significant predictor of cognitive anxiety (Hall, Kerr, & Matthews, 1998), and dancers have been found to be more anxious, more introverted, and to have a lower self-concept than non-dancers (Bakker, 1988). The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of perfectionism and self-concept on pre-performance state anxiety across a variety of elite pursuits. Twelve ballet dancers, seven gymnasts, and 13 basketball players completed a general demographics questionnaire, a modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS), and the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) one week before a major performance, and the CSAI-2 a second time one day prior to performance. Some participants also participated in an interview with the principal researcher after their performance. All participants were elite-level performers.

The results suggested significant relationships amongst, or differences in, state anxiety, perfectionism, and physical self-concept in elite female performers across activities. Several trends suggest that these performers experience increased levels of anxiety leading up to a major performance, and that this anxiety was perceived to be more debilitative as the performance drew closer. Ballet dancers were found to be more perfectionistic in a maladaptive way than gymnasts and basketball players. Overall, perfectionism and physical self-concept were not found to be related to state anxiety, although correlations were in the positive direction. Finally, there appears to be a moderate negative correlation between perfectionism and physical self-concept, something which may play an important role in dance given the immense pressure on ballet dancers to achieve perfection and a perfect physical form. 

Exploratory questions revealed a positive correlation between negative perfectionism and the concern over mistakes scale of the MPS, and a significant negative correlation between these measures independently with physical self-concept.  This relationship is valuable for future administration of perfectionism and physical self-concept measures among elite performers.

Findings support specific practical implications for psychologists working within elite dance and sport and have revealed several avenues for further research. These will be addressed in this presentation.
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